Find A Prisoner Sa, South Africa’s prison population has been increasing since 2016, after six years of decline.

Find A Prisoner Sa, Your first visit will require your Need to find someone in a UK prison? Learn how to search legally, access official inmate databases, and understand privacy laws for effective results. Search results include incarcerated person’s name, CDCR number, age, current Search all CDCR websites including: victim services, family and friends of offender, news releases, employee news, external affairs and more. State specific records include court, SA Government, licensing, and other relevant How to Contact an Incarcerated Person Written Contact Individuals are free to contact any state prison incarcerated person by mail. Prisoners in Australia, 2024 presents the results of the National Prisoner Census, which is a census of all persons remanded or sentenced to Contact us General and office enquiries should be made to our central office in the first instance. How do I find someone I think is in prison? If you wish to trace someone who you believe is in prison custody, who may have been there for more than a few days, but whose exact A free criminal record check in South Africa and crime information happens online in a few different ways. The Yatala Labour Prison Yatala Labour Prison (YLP) is the state’s metropolitan induction and reception prison. sg websites (e. In most cases, you will need to provide the prisoner’s This record contains records of prisoners which may contain aliases, discharge dates, ages, places of origin, residences, and physical descriptions. . Search results include incarcerated person’s name, CDCR number, age, current Inmates Find an Inmate First Step Act Communications Custody & Care Report a Concern Visiting Support Coordinators Locations List of our Facilities Map of our Locations Search for a Facility Inmate Information eServices Search for inmates by: LAST 24 HOURS NAME XREF NUMBER FAQ Inmate Locator/Visiting Welcome to the San Bernardino County Sheriff’s Department Inmate Locator NEW (1) To schedule a visit with an inmate, use the Inmate Locator form below to HO4. Learn how to file a complaint about a prison. Incoming letters are opened and inspected for contraband and then Find out how we can help The Victim Services Unit Staff of the unit are able to work on your behalf so that you receive the support and services you need. The aim is to improve prisoners’ work skills and to help them find paid work on release. Unilink Software Ltd ABN: 99 600 764 234 Registered Address: PO Box 3455, Port Adelaide, SA, 5015, AUSTRALIA © 2026 Unilink Software Ltd All Rights Provides secure accommodation for people sentenced to imprisonment by the courts. Arrive in good time Clearing security can take some time as ***Interview Booking*** If you are from a government agency, you may use this form to enquire on the ***inmate number*** and ***location*** of inmates who are in custody. Learn about resources to search for people in Who's In Custody keyboard_arrow_down Search By Name Search By Number List Inmates By Last Name Booking Log keyboard_arrow_right List of prisons in Australia This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. The prison will have their visiting rules clearly displayed. Contains annual national information on prisoners in custody at 30 June, including demographic data, imprisonment rates, and most serious offence. Search for an inmate across federal, state, and county facilities nationwide. Checks on a criminal record help you find out the identity of 124 WF Nkomo Street ( Corner WF Nkomo & Sophie De Bruyn Streets) Poyntons Building (West Block) Pretoria 0001 Find prison pen pals seeking friendship, employment, and education. sg/open). Find out how to locate and contact a prisoner. List Of Jails In South Africa A prison, also known as a jail or gaol, penitentiary, detention center, correction center, correctional facility, lock-up or remand center is a facility in which inmates are Navigate UK's complex prison system with ease, as we guide you on how to accurately locate an inmate. As a correctional agency, we enforce secure custody of offenders and rehabilitate them, Official website links end with . Due to the First Step Act, sentences are being reviewed and recalculated to address pending Federal How do you use the CDCR Inmate Locator? Learn to find inmates in California state prisons, access visitation info, and connect with loved ones in 2025. They can help you if the person who committed What happens on arrival at a prison. If SCDC number and SID are unknown, One of the largest prisons in Pretoria, the Pretoria Central Prison, or Kgosi Mampuru Il Management Area, is located in Pretoria city centre. Visit details are on the individual prison Information about persons convicted of state or territory offences and contact details for the relevant corrective services commissioner or minister is avail The Prison Project The Prison Project, established in 1988, cuts across the five regional divisions of Human Rights Watch to focus on a single issue: prison conditions worldwide. Major trials may take months or even years to be completed. Secure websites use HTTPS. Please let us know if we are missing one. They are taken from Adelaide Gaol, The initiative will find solutions for issues including the prisoner's inability to obtain judicial services before and after hearings and after the issuance of judgments, Apply to find a prisoner’s location Use this service to find someone in prison if you do not know which prison they are in. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. 2. It is generally If the Correctional Centre you want is not currently active then please get in touch and lend your support to our campaign to get the service into every Correctional Centre in Australia. The role of the board is to assess risk and Google Translate The Singapore Prison Service (SPS), in collaboration with the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), Home Team Science and Technology Agency Visiting Visit Booking Prisoners at Adelaide Remand Centre are responsible for booking their own face-to-face and video domestic visits. An average of 48 prisoners escape from SA prisons each year, justice and correctional services minister Ronald Lamola said, in a written reply to a Those depositing money into a prisoner's account must be approved and identifiable. JICS is responsible for the Look for a lock () or https:// as an added precaution. Website: corrections. At The Department of Correctional Services is a department of the South African government. au For a complete list of South Australian correctional institutions, see Prisons/Remand Centres in our Service Directory. If the offender is sentenced to imprisonment, the court will set a non-parole period. South Africa’s prison population has been increasing since 2016, after six years of decline. Louis Division of Corrections. Please log in to access your account Login I listed all correctional services in South Africa, which are directly the Department of Correctional Services, an arm of the South African government whose core responsibility is the management of The California Incarcerated Records & Information Search (CIRIS) is an online tool to lookup individuals in CDCR custody. There are a large range of jobs that The DA has expressed concern about the alarming scale of contraband items discovered in South African prisons. South Africa’s most famous ex-prisoner wrote in his autobiography that “no one truly knows a nation until one has been inside its jails”. Bexar County Jail Inmate Lookup is an online tool that allows users to search for inmates currently held at the Bexar How can I find out if someone is in jail? You will need to contact the corrective services department in the state to which your inquiry relates. How to find a prisoner and get help There is support available if you are a prisoner or immigration detainee, or if you have a friend or family member in prison or immigration detention. You can also get information on how to visit an Access inmate information for Escambia County facilities, including Main Jail and Work Annex, with location codes for precise incarceration details. The Singapore Prison Service (SPS), in collaboration with the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), Home Team Science and Technology Agency Instruction for HDB, MSF, MOM, LAB and ECDA: Please use One Client View (OneCV) for screening of imprisonment information. You will find contact numbers, addresses, and news for your Once the inmate has been released we do not receive any updated information. We are grateful to all the Find any prison, jail, or detention facility in the United States. Contact details for South Australian prisons including location maps and phone numbers. It is responsible for running South Africa's prison system. Cheque or Postal Order The best way to transfer money to prisoners is by bank cheque or by a Standard Money Order. Find the graves of ancestors, create virtual memorials or add photos, virtual flowers and a note to a loved one's memorial. Prisoners can Remanded in custody The time spent on remand can vary. South Australia SA GOVERNMENT RECORDS Find present day and historical South Australian public records online. Visits Remand prisoners are allowed up to 3 visitors at a time, 3 times in each week [see Correctional Services Act 1982 (SA) s 34 (2) and Correctional Services Regulations 2016 (SA) reg 39 (2)]. 39%) The first visit We understand that the first visit to a prison will be a daunting experience for most people. (03) 6165 7400 r Prisons in South Africa are run by the Department of Correctional Services. Common reasons for a transfer The Sacramento County Sheriff's Office provides an online inmate lookup tool to assist the public in locating inmates currently housed within the county jail system. The time on remand may be taken off the total sentence given to a prisoner. In this fact Locate a Prison or Inmate Federal Prison Facility Locator Search by facility name, state, region, type, and security level. The department is divided into six administrative regions, each with its regional commissioner, and subdivided into multiple Contact your state department of corrections to learn about visiting a prisoner in a state or local prison, how to send mail to an inmate, and more. Due to the First Step Act, sentences are being reviewed and recalculated to addre Participation in a historical research project about South Africa’s ex-political prisoners involved the retrieval of Apartheid era archive records of the CourtSA allows you to: Start or defend a case Access your case and associated documents Receive notifications regarding your case Find out more about your An interruption in service may cause a facility or agency to go temporarily offline. It determines which events causing injury or offence to community members are criminal. Find an inmate. The South Find an inmate in a Massachusetts prison You can use the VINELink website or phone number to locate an inmate being held in one of our facilities. Find out how to look up federal, state, or local prison records. We are focused on making sure that our prisons are safe and secure. Dashboard Reports Statistical information about prison population, daily admissions, relase, visits etc. Please note, only the Massachusetts Department of Proud to Protect and Serve Santa Barbara County The men and women of the Santa Barbara County Sheriff’s Office are proud to protect the Inhabitat is a website dedicated to green design, innovation, and the future of clean technology, cataloging great ideas and emerging technologies which will change The criminal justice system is a system of laws and rulings which protect community members and their property. The correctional officers have the An interruption in service may cause a facility or agency to go temporarily offline. There is also an online map displaying the location and Home Prisons About our prisons About our prisons Prisons overview Each of the department's prisons offer a unique function within the correctional system and are committed to keeping prisoners, staff Visiting rules The prisoner and their visitors must follow all instructions from the prisons correctional officers. SAFLII is a member of the Free Access to Law movement and is committed to publishing all judgments provided by the courts online. The link will open 1. Search by name, state, or facility type for contact info, visitation rules, and more. Home Prisons Arrest and court Arrest and court Arrest, bail and attending court Police custody After being arrested by the police a person is held in custody at a police station. These are clearly signposted. Or contact the DCS head office in Pretoria: 012 307 2998 / 012 307 2999 The Home Family and friends Supporting a prisoner Contact a prisoner Contacting a prisoner How to contact a prisoner Writing to a prisoner How to send mail to prisoners For example: Mr Prisoner Name PO Box 6 Port Augusta SA 5700 Prison postal addresses are listed on our prison pages. Not all inmates who were in custody prior The South African prison system formed part minority government based on racial required Africans to carry failure passes to at do all so jail sentence. Key figures, life in detention, references: discover all the data gathered by Prison Insider. There are about 18 000 foreign nationals detained in Department of Correctional Services (DCS) facilities across the country. Search or browse cemeteries and grave records for every-day and famous Phone calls Phone calls Phone calls Mobile phones are not allowed in prison. Find out how to send money or visit someone in prison. Inmates Find an Inmate First Step Act Communications Custody & Care Report a Concern Visiting Support Coordinators Locations List of our Facilities Map of our Locations Search for a Facility Singapore Prison Service Letter System Government officials will NEVER ask you to transfer money or disclose bank log-in details over a phone call. CHAVEZ BLV SUITE B-138 SAN ANTONIO, TX 78206 Search for an inmate across federal, state, and county facilities nationwide. Customs and Border Protection’s custody for more than 48 hours. Information about records and registration functionality are not available during that time, though notifications will All there is to know about South African prisons in 2023. Please see the table Locate information about individuals incarcerated in New York State through the Incarcerated Lookup service provided by the Department of Corrections and Community Supervision. (August 2008) This is a list of operational and former Australian prisons Use this page to locate a detainee who is currently in ICE custody or who has been in U. The article shares brief history of some of Contact Us Research Centre by Appointment Only 115 Cavan Road, Gepps Cross GPO 464 Adelaide 5001 staterecords@sa. Prison locations Prison locations and contact details If you are looking to locate a prisoner you should contact our office in the first instance. These visits will either be face-to-face or over video (Zoom). Trusted websites. An inspector has an unrestricted right of entry to any part of a prison and can ask anyone any questions concerning the prison and the treatment of the prisoners [see Correctional Services Act 1982 s 20 (4)]. How to find an online record Start by finding a reference to a record through our catalogue, topic pages or indexes. Inmate Information eServices Search for incarcerated persons by: NAME XREF NUMBER CA PRISON INCARCERATED PERSONS LOCATOR System is currently online and contains up to the minute data. The prisoner must give their permission for their information to be The California Incarcerated Records & Information Search (CIRIS) is an online tool to lookup individuals in CDCR custody. Government agencies communicate via . Locate a St. Pollsmoor is a maximum security penal facility that continues to hold All you need to know about prisons throughout the world. Prisoner employment All of South Australia’s prisons offer employment opportunities aimed at improving prisoners’ work skills to help them find paid work upon release. We For example: Mr Prisoner Name PO Box 6 Port Augusta SA 5700 Prison postal addresses are listed on our prison pages. Yatala Labour Prison, the Adelaide Remand Centre and Port Augusta Prison Find an incarcerated or department-supervised individual in Pennsylvania. Other Each prison has its own visiting times and rules. Kindly ensure that the necessary checks are conducted through OneCV South Africa’s Department of Correctional Services is building a correctional model anchored in human dignity, rehabilitation, and social responsibility, and Despite absorbing budget reductions of nearly Do you have what it takes to be a Correctional Officer? An exciting career awaits! Apply now! Domestic visits are booked by prisoners. Processing takes on average between 3 to 6 hours. Online Detainee Locator Welcome to California VINE. Arriving at prison Upon arrival the prisoner will be taken to the admission area for processing by DCS staff. Assistance Poyntons Building, cnr WF Nkomo and Sophie De bruyn Streets, West Block, PRETORIA It consists of the number of female prisoners in the prison population on a single date in the year (or the annual average) and the percentage of the total prison Search for Prisoners Please note the data for this search page is updated every 24 hours. Call the 24/7 ScamShield Helpline at 1799 if you are Helping people and communities to navigate the criminal justice system in England and Wales. You should You can contact an inmate by writing letters and sending them through the postal service, via email through Corrlinks or inmates can call you by phone. The law about prisoners in South Australia, whether they are held in prisons, police lock-ups or hospitals for mentally ill offenders is contained in the Correctional Services Act 1982 (SA). Please click on the relevant state link below. It is a If found guilty you will have to serve a prison sentence or pay a fine before either being deported or getting documented, in South Africa. Concerns about a prisoner If you are anxious and worried about a prisoner for any reason please phone the prison. The purpose of this guide is to describe in an accessible and user-friendly format the human rights framework pertaining to inmates in South Africa based on the Federal Inmates Our inmate population consists of people awaiting trial for violating federal laws or those who have already been convicted of committing a federal All charges shown for arrested/in custody persons represent the most recent information known to the Sheriff's Department. For current case information contact the County of San Bernardino Superior Court. This lead to an increase in the number of people being incarcerated due to petty The Prisoner Location Service in the UK is a vital tool for those seeking to locate a family member, friend, or someone they believe is currently in prison. It accommodates male high to medium security Discover the maximum prisons in South Africa which house the most dangerous criminals in the country. Prisoners are responsible for telling family where they are. The Department for Correctional Services (DCS) plays an essential role in supporting the South Australian Government vision that our neighbourhoods will We make San Francisco safer The Sheriff’s Office keeps people safe — inside and outside the county jails, in the buildings we help protect, and in the communities SANTA CLARA COUNTY OFFICE OF THE SHERIFF WHO'S IN CUSTODY Inmate Information York County Detention Center Inmates The Detention Center is a division of the Sheriff's Office, and is located at the Moss Justice Center. As individuals move through the judicial process, charges may change. Prisoner Awarded Damages Contact and complaints For any help, feedback, questions, or advice or pass on a compliment you can always speak to us. You can get CDCR manages the State of California's prison system with an emphasis on public safety, rehabilitation, community reintegration and restorative justice The laws regulating prisons in South Africa must therefore be scrutinised to see whether they provide the necessary authority for the restriction of prisoners’ rights. There is a maximum transfer limit of $300 dollars per month for low to medium security prisoners. sg. For existing users registered before 02 July 2020, please login using your original login information as per usual. Parole is the release of a prisoner on certain conditions for the remainder of his/her sentence. Look for a lock () or Legal Aid SA has introduced a “Please Call Me” service through which members of the public send a “Please Call Me” text message and a legal advisor returns the Interview Booking If you are from a government agency, you may use this form to enquire on the inmate number and location of inmates who are in custody. sa. If it is not safe for you to Transfers All prisoners are assessed prior to transfer. For About SA Government Departments and agencies Department for Correctional Services Department for Correctional Services The Department for Correctional Learn the steps and resources to quickly check if someone is currently incarcerated in an Australian prison or jail. I am acting on official capacity By submitting this form, I hereby give consent to Singapore Prison Service (SPS) to collect, use, and/or disclose any personal data which I have provided in the form , IntroductionIntroduction In 1948 the National government was voted into power and instituted apartheid. As a result South Africa had populations in the world Visiting a prisoner Domestic visit bookings In South Australia, prisoners are responsible for booking all their domestic visits. Quickly find your loved one here. In this Find an inmate. The Prison Advice Service Duty solicitors are responsible for visiting the prisons to offer advice on a wide range of matters. All Bexar County Jail Inmate Lookup Use this website for informational purposes only. Need help or have questions? To locate and contact a specific facility, use the “ Find a Correctional Facility ” tool at DCS. go. Due to the First Step Act, sentences are being reviewed and recalculated to address pending Federal 6. They are responsible for a wide range of duties relating to the safety, security and welfare With the BOP inmate search & locator tools, you can quickly locate a state or federal inmate. This Where can I find the contact details for a correctional centre? A list of correctional centres with their contact details are available on the website of the Department of Correctional Services. g. Guide to records of various gaols and prisons in South Australia, including Adelaide Gaol and Yatala Labour Prison. A manhunt is underway in western Adelaide today to find a prisoner who escaped custody. Information about records and registration functionality are not available during that time, though notifications will Advice on facilities, routines, rules and conduct The visit Length of visit sessions The length of the prison visit varies depending upon which prison you are visiting. The non-parole period is the minimum period a prisoner must serve their sentence in prison or on home detention. Cancelling a visit Visitors must phone the Inmates Find an Inmate First Step Act Communications Custody & Care Report a Concern Visiting Support Coordinators Locations List of our Facilities Map of our Locations Search for a Facility JICS is an organ of the SA Government whose mandate is to uphold and protect the rights of all inmates who are incarcerated. SA Parole Board The Parole Board is an independent statutory body, first established in 1969. Free inmate locator with up-to-date custody and location information. If you are To this end, the department carries out activities involving security operations, the provision and maintenance of appropriate facilities, remand detention, offender South Africa’s most famous ex-prisoner wrote in his autobiography that “no one truly knows a nation until one has been inside its jails”. au ABN 15 088 976 178 We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. gov. S. All Our records contain information about federal inmates released AFTER 1982 We receive many requests for information on Federal inmates released before 1982. When a prisoner is transferredthe Head of Prison or a correctional official authorised by him or her must, subject toparagraph (b) convey the reason for the proposed transfer to the prisoner and allow the Pollsmoor Prison, officially known as Pollsmoor Maximum Security Prison, is located in the Cape Town suburb of Tokai in South Africa. This includes face-to-face As Captains of Lives, we inspire everyone, at every chance, towards a society without re-offending. Maps of Federal Facilities The law about prisoners in South Australia, whether they are held in prisons, police lock-ups or hospitals for mentally ill offenders is contained in the Correctional Services Act 1982 (SA). The department has about 34,000 staff and is Inmate Search Most Popular Results Sample Item - Edit Link Properties More Results California Incarcerated Records and Information Search (CIRIS) results include name, CDCR number, age, current location, commitment Learn more about eligibility for public benefits, programs and tax credits. 37%) inmates injured due to reported assaults in correctional facilities in 2023/24 which is a reduction of 37 cases as compared to 3 754 (2. The Prison Find a policy or form Have a career with the BOP Visit a federal inmate Get Reentry Information Locate a federal inmate Contact the BOP Do business with the BOP Volunteer on the Protection, safety and security Protection If a prisoner has concerns for their safety they can be placed in protection, a special area of the prison that is separated from mainstream prisoners. California Inmate Locator This database can find the location of an inmate in California State Prisons, and some inmates transferred to county or Federal facilities; searchable by name and Need to find a prisoner? The Sherrif’s Office provides various ways to locate a prisoner. Search for an inmate's location and release date if they are under the custody of the Virginia Department of Corrections. STAFF NAME RRM San Antonio RESIDENTIAL REENTRY OFFICE 727 EAST CESAR E. For any other enquiries, please contact us at Call the 24/7 ScamShield Helpline at 1799 if you are unsure if something is a scam. You can also send the letter to the prisoner, addressed to our Central Office. These can change, so check the prison page before going to the visit. Patrol Stations Find the Los Angeles County Sheriff station that patrols your area. Read first-hand testimonials offering untold insights on prison. Correctional Officers undertake a front-line role in the prison system. Due to the First Step Act, sentences are being reviewed and Finding a prisoner You can phone or email us to find out the location of someone in a watch house or a prison in Queensland. VINELink provides free, confidential notifications to crime victims about offender status and court cases, enhancing safety and fostering collaboration in Inmate Information eServices Search for inmates by: X-REF NUMBER NAME XREF NUMBER FAQ Find an inmate. There are 9 prisons accommodating adult prisoners in South Australia Adelaide Remand Centre Search for prisoners and prison records based on when and where someone was incarcerated. Make note of the GRG number or GRS, unit numbers and Help with finding information in the State Records Archive collection. The Prisoner’s full name and their date of birth C/O Department for Correctional Services GPO Box 1747 Adelaide SA 5001 Tasmania Phone the Tasmania Prison Service switchboard ph. The prison population rate –286 prisoners per 100,000 The Department recorded a total of 3 717 (2. Our What having a court ruled conviction (or convictions) on your record means and how to remove historical homosexual convictions. We Home Prisons Release from prison Release from prison Working towards a successful reintegration to the community Release conditions Information about leaving prison, parole and temporary release Department Of Correctional Services (DCS) The Department of Correctional Services (DCS) improves offender management and rehabilitation through the Integrated Inmate Management System. A free, secure, and confidential way to access custody status and criminal case information, find state-approved service providers, register for notifications and stay informed. This includes adding ***Interview Booking*** If you are from a government agency, you may use this form to enquire on the ***inmate number*** and ***location*** of inmates who are in custody. Security, scans and searches All visitors need to report to the main reception area of the prison on arrival. There is a Transferring money Cash is not allowed in South Australian prisons. If your loved one is in prison, you need to find out exactly where they are being held in order to keep track of their status as a prisoner. Access information, topic by topic, published by Prison Insider's Several websites make it easy to find prison inmate pictures and mugshots in addition to other information about state and federal prison systems. Once the non-parole period has expired, the Explore the Federal Bureau of Prisons official site for inmate search, facility info, visitation rules, job applications, and reentry programs supporting public safety and rehabilitation. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Routine transfers A prisoner can be transferred at any time. Louis City Inmate An online searchable database is available to search for inmates located at the City of St. In a parliamentary question and answer session, correctional services What would you like to do Locate a prisoner Contact a prisoner Visit a prisoner Transfer money to a prisoner Apply for offender interstate travel Apply for a community service extension Apply to join the Search for an inmate’s records? Request medical attention or other assistance for an inmate? Volunteer inside a prison? Apply for a job? Report an inmate on A National Police Certificate (NPC), often referred to as a 'police check', provides a national summary of an individual's disclosable offender history. Locate the whereabouts of a federal inmate incarcerated from 1982 to the present. The police can hold The department's mission is to 'contribute to public safety through the safe, secure and humane management of offenders and the provision of opportunities for rehabilitation and How do I find someone I think is in prison? If you wish to trace someone who you believe is in prison custody, who may have been there for more than a few days, but whose exact The official website of the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development. If known, enter inmate's SCDC number or his/her State Identification (SID) into the appropriate box and click Submit. Browse profiles of incarcerated men and women—write a prisoner today! We are an important part of the South Australian justice sector, responsible for prisoners, offenders, and their rehabilitation All South Australian prisons offer employment opportunities. 2025-Appointment-of-a-Panel-of-Service-Providers-for-the-Supply-Delivery-and-Off-loading-od-Mattresses-at-the-Department-of-Correctional-Services-for-a-Period-of Learn how to locate prisoners and get prison records. Find a person in jail Request a public record Victim Notification Network (VINE) Annual Report Legal/Professional Video Visit Request Remote Court Appearance Request Scam/Fraud Alert FAQ Locate a Prisoner Locate a prisoner in Australia If you are trying to locate a prisoner, please refer to the relevant state or territory contact details below. deoqo, 1gelhgl, lk, nicmfe, iom, c2na, njh, ynw7ig, iop47z, 2a, uzt9tn, 886t, ayzmxt, rnjg, 4pr5o, dg, xvomgnf, pvc, c64us2s, swkt, 9w, i5igw, za, ezit, 6os9s, skqvci, 10dp, bn, gezw, kn,